建筑对非城市空间观念定义的贡献——意大利乡村,从早期农村改革到后乡村视角

The Contribution of Architecture to the Definition of the Idea of Non-urban Space:Italian Countryside,from the Early Rural Reforms to the Present Post-rural Perspectives

在讨论建筑设计的进步和创新时,乡村和建筑两个词汇很少同时出现,它们通常在不同的文脉和专业中被讨论,如理性主义、乡土主义、新现实主义、如画风格等。今天,在意大利和全球其他几个地区,城乡一体化不再仅仅对应与农产品生产和城市财富有关的密切的功能联系和空间互补性。为了更好地理解意大利当代乡村生活,从历史上追寻不断演进的空间格局的动态将是一件有趣的事。这种空间格局证明了乡村生活(非城市空间)理念已在城市内外建立,它取决于持续的已规划或未规划的公共或私人金融机制:战后乡村聚落、公共住房计划、大量的旅游投资,以及今天的私人旅游倡议。

Countryside and architecture are rarely presented jointly in discussing advancement and innovation in architectural design and they are usually discussed in different cultural contexts and scholars’ specialisations(rationalism,vernacular,neo-realism,picturesque,etc.).Today in Italy and in several other regions globally,the integration of the rural and the urban no longer corresponds to just the close functional connection and spatial complementarity related to production of agricultural goods and city wealth.For a better understanding of the situation of life in contemporary Italian countryside,it would be interesting to trace historically the dynamics of a changing spatial pattern demonstrating that the implementation of the idea of rural life(non-urban space) has been built in and out of the city depending on the on-going planned or unplanned,public or private financial mechanism:the post war rural settlements,public housing programmes,the mass tourism investments and the private tourism initiatives of today.