竹纤维组合形态对竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

Effect of combination forms of bamboo fiber on properties of bamboo fiber/polypropylene composites

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,单根竹纤维(SBF)和竹纤维束(BFS)两种形态竹纤维为增强体,采用无纺气流铺装-模压工艺制备了SBF-BFS/PP复合材料。通过力学试验机、SEM、TGA、DSC等对SBF-BFS/PP复合材料的力学性能、微观形貌、热性能等进行表征,研究竹纤维形态配比变化对SBF-BFS/PP复合材料综合性能的影响。结果表明,在纤维总含量不变情况下,SBF在两种形态竹纤维中的含量逐步增加时,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料冲击强度和弹性模量逐步增加;SBF在两种形态竹纤维中质量分数为90wt%时,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料冲击强度和弹性模量比SBF质量分数为10wt%时分别提高了26.46%和38.39%;SEM结果表明,竹纤维与PP基体存在较差界面相容性,竹纤维出现断裂和拔出等现象;热失重结果表明,随着SBF含量的增加,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料的耐热性能并没有明显变化。此外,对SBF-BFS/PP复合材料的耐水性能测试结果表明,由于SBF比表面积大,随SBF含量的增加,SBF-BFS/PP复合材料中易吸水组分增加,从而导致其耐水性能下降。

The single bamboo fiber-bamboo fiber sheath/polypropylene(SBF-BFS/PP)composites,in which PP as substrate and SBF along with BFS as two kinds of reinforcements,were fabricated by non-woven airflow pavingmoulding process.To investigate the contents of two kinds of bamboo fiber on the comprehensive properties of SBFBFS/PP composites,the mechanical properties,microstructure and thermal properties of the SBF-BFS/PP composites were characterized by mechanical testing machine,SEM,TGA and DSC.The results show that the impact strength and elastic modulus of the SBF-BFS/PP composites increase gradually with increasing the contents of the SBF in the two forms of bamboo fibers under the contents of PP fiber keeping constant.Compared with the SBFBFS/PP composite containing 10 wt% SBF in SBF-BFS,the impact strength and elastic modulus of the SBF-BFS/PP composite with 90 wt% SBF in SBF-BFS increases by 26.46% and 38.39%,respectively.SEM results show that the interfacial compatibility between bamboo fiber and PP matrix is poor,and the bamboo fiber is broken and pulled out.TGA results show that the thermal resistance of SBF-BFS/PP composites exhibit no obvious changes.The water resistance of SBF-BFS/PP composites show that,due to the large specific surface area of SBF,the water absorbent components in the SBF-BFS/PP composites increase with the increase of SBF content,leading to the decline of the water resistance of the SBF-BFS/PP composites.