结肠类器官的构建与应用研究进展

New frontiers in the establishment and application of colonic organoids

结肠类器官是一种衍生于结肠干细胞或多能干细胞的三维细胞培养模型,其实质是在添加多种生长因子的基质胶中对结肠干细胞或多能干细胞及其衍生的肠上皮细胞、肠内分泌细胞、杯状细胞等进行三维培养。体外构建的结肠类器官在细胞成分、组织架构及特定功能等方面与结肠上皮组织高度相似,实现了在体外培养环境中对结肠上皮组织的复制。与传统的结肠疾病研究模型(常规细胞培养模型和动物实验模型)相比,结肠类器官具有明显的优势,如培养成功率高、培养周期短、与来源组织高度一致等。自2011年Sato等首次报道结肠类器官模型的构建方法以来,结肠类器官迅速成为结肠相关疾病研究领域的热点。目前,结肠类器官已经被广泛应用于结肠上皮的生理功能的调整以及感染性腹泻、溃疡性结肠炎、肠道损伤再生、结肠肿瘤等多个领域的研究。本综述讨论了结肠类器官的构建及其应用研究的最新进展。

Colonic organoids are three dimensional organotypic cultures of the colonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells.Its essence is the culture of colonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells,and their derived intestinal epithelial cells,intestinal endocrine cells and goblet cells in basement membrane extract with specific growth factors.Colonic organoids are comprised of all major types of colonic epithelial cells and represent the architecture and function remarkably similar to those of the colonic epithelium,faithfully recapitulating the functional colonic epithelium ex vivo.As a superior basic experimental model,colonic organoids are representing advantages over conventional cell models and animal models in many aspects,such as high successful rate,short productive cycle,and high consistency with source tissue.Since first reported in 2011,colonic organoids have soon become an important topic in the field of colonic diseases.It has now been applied in the field of physiology of colonic epithelium,infectious diarrhea,ulcerative colitis,regeneration of intestinal injury,and colon tumors.In this review,we summarize the research advances of establishment and application of colonic organoids.