马克思主义中国化进程译介源头探析

The Earliest Chinese Translations of Marxist Texts and the Dissemination of Marxism in China

马克思主义最初进入中国载于传教士创刊出版的《万国公报》及《大同学》一书,其间接、零碎的译介究竟源于何处及其如何被选择译入近代中国尤其值得关注。本文基于史料梳理和文本对比,考察马克思主义初入中国的翻译路径及翻译选择的背景和策略。研究发现,初入中国的马克思主义思想片段是经由原作者与译者双重选择后的科学社会主义思想,其译介模式对马克思主义在中国的早期传播具有导向意义。马克思主义初入中国带有思想译介初期的普遍特征,其翻译选择及策略具有本土化意义内涵。

Marxism was first introduced into China in the late 19th century,through indirect and fragmentary Chinese renditions of Marxist texts carried by the missionary-sponsored publication Wanguo Gongbao(Multinational Communique)and via the book Da Tong Xue(A Theory on the State of Great Unity).This paper looks into the early history of Marxism’s translation-enabled introduction into China,calling attention through textual comparison to how the strategies adopted by the translators concerned tended to be affected by the then prevailing socio-cultural conditions.Among the findings of this research project are:that the initially introduced ideas of scientific socialism are the result of a double selection by both the authors of the source texts and their translators;that the mode of translation adopted by pioneering Chinese translators of Marxist texts tends to show universal characteristics of ideological translation;and that the interpretation of the ideas in these translations is of much significance to Marxism’s localization in China.