数据治教:美国联邦政府的高等教育现代化策略

Data Governance:The Strategies of American Federal Government for Modernization of Higher Education

20世纪末期以来,美国联邦政府十分重视数据的治理功能,并采取了一系列策略发挥数据在推进高等教育现代化中的作用。这些策略包括通过全美教育统计中心的大学记分卡等开放数据,监督高校的办学行为从而推进高等教育公平;通过大学生资助、科研项目申请与管理等电子政务,简化办事流程从而提升学习与工作效率;通过隐私制度、隐私机构等,确保信息安全从而保障多方权益。由此,为了充分发挥数据的治理功能,应完善相关的法律与制度,健全机构体制,最大化数据的特色与优势,并有效规避其存在的问题。与此同时,高校也应该致力于培养与提升学生的数据素养。

Since the end of the 20 th century, the federal government of the United States has attached great importance to the role of data governance and adopted a series of strategies to play the role of data in promoting the modernization of higher education. These strategies include opening data through the University Scorecard of the National Center for Educational Statistics to supervise the behavior of universities and promote the fairness of higher education;implementing E-Government through college student financial, application and management of scientific research projects to simplify the working process and improve the efficiency of learn and work;guaranteeing information security through privacy system, privacy institutions and so on, in order to safeguard multiple rights and interests. Thus, to give full play to the data governance, we should improve the relevant laws and systems, improve the institutional system, maximize the characteristics and advantages of data, and effectively avoid its problems. At the same time, universities should also devote themselves to training and improving the data literacy of students.