美国高校招生考试可选择政策实施效果分析

Test-Optional Policy in American University and its Implications

美国越来越多的高校实施了招生考试可选择政策,这是基于"肯定性行动计划"政策面临的挑战和标准化考试的局限性,以及美国高校对无种族色彩的教育政策不断探索的结果。该政策期望能给包括少数民族在内的来自弱势群体的学生提供更多的接受高等教育的机会。从实施效果来看,该政策增加了学生报考高等学校的人数,扩大了高等学校对学生的选择面,增强了高等学校在社会上的影响力。同时,该政策也促进高校招收到了更多的少数民族学生、家庭第一代大学生以及佩尔奖学金获得者。招生考试可选择政策为美国高校招收到多元的学生群体提供了一条途径。实践证明,虽然学生没有提交标准化考试成绩,但是并没有影响其在大学的学业表现。

Because of the limitation of the affirmative action and the controversy over the validity of the use of standardized test scores in the college admission process, Exploring alternative paths for diversity, the number of American universities and colleges using Test Optional Policies in higher education admissions has dramatically expanded in recent years. The paper argues that the policy leads to an increase in overall applications as well as an increase in the representation of minority students, the first generation college students and Pell Grant recipients in freshman class. Adopting a Test-Optional Policy does not lower the academic quality of the students enrolled. The policy enriches diversity in American universities.