基于H-I-S视角下传统村落分类与发展模式研究——以邯郸市为例

The Classification and Development Model of Traditional Villages from H-I-S Perspective: A Case Study of Handan

随着工业与科技时代的到来,作为数千年农业社会基本单位的传统村落,遭受了前所未有的危机。对于数量众多的乡村遗产来讲,静态的、冻结式的文物资源观不仅会增加财政负担,更会加剧村落的自然衰落,不利于充分发挥遗产的真正价值,因此在保护文化遗产多样性的基础上,对不同类型的传统村落展开转型发展研究迫在眉睫。文章首次关注村落主体(H)、产业(I)以及空间(S)的要素内涵与职能变迁,通过对H-I-S三者动态特征的探索,总结出它们虽存在着地理分异但却都有着多元化、复杂化与结构调整的演化趋势,以及三者在村落变迁过程中呈现出的多元互动关系。基于H-I-S三要素不同状态的组合,文章划分出空心村(H1I1S1)、内卷型(H2I1S1)、融合型(H2I2S2)、外延型(H2I1S2)与绅士化(H1I2S2)5种村落类型,归纳出整合发展、社区营造、生态博物馆、空间联动与文化再造这5类对应的发展模式。文章结合邯郸市的村落调研,讨论现代化进程中的传统村落类型、特征与发展路径,推动关注点由传统遗产式的保护向动态的以人为本的活化利用研究转移,以期实现传统村落的转型和可持续发展。

Due to society’s rapid industrialization in the era of technology, the traditional village,which has been the basic unit of agricultural society for thousands of years, is facing an unprecedented crisis. Traditional villages are the living embodiment of non-renewable cultural heritage of agricultural civilizations and serve as a valuable resource that provides strength for the revitalization of rural areas.However, in the case of most traditional villages, policies produced from a static and unimaginative view of cultural heritage and resources will engender significant fiscal challenges and even catalyst their deterioration. Therefore, it is imperative to research creative solutions for the dynamic transformation and development of different types of traditional villages that help them adapt to the modern economy on the basis of protecting the diversity of their cultural heritage. This paper focuses on the processes and mechanisms in the regeneration of traditional villages from a dynamic and multidimensional perspective. It is the first paper to pay attention to the changes and functional relationships among host(H), industry(I) and space(S) in villages during the transformation. By exploring the dynamic characteristics of H-I-S, it is concluded that despite geographical differentiation, they exhibit the same tendencies in their transformations. From the perspective of the three-dimensional dynamics of "Host"(H), "Industry"(I) and "Space"(S) of villages, this paper suggests that these three elements share a propensity for diversification, complexity and structural adjustment and each element closely interacts with the other two as the village evolves. Based on the initial state of their H-I-S combination,this paper divides the villages into five types, which are hollow village(H1 I1 S1), involution type(H2 I1 S1), interfusion type(H2 I2 S2), extension type(H2 I1 S2) and gentrification(H1 I2 S2), each with a corresponding development strategy: integrative development, community building, eco-museum,space coherence and cultural ceconstruction. Moreover, drawing on the case-study of the Handan village, the paper designs specific development strategies for different types of villages, in hopes to shed light on the dynamic development of traditional villages, and provide constructive guidance for future reference.