旅游的本质及旅游学的学科逻辑新探

An Exploration of the Nature of Tourism and Disciplinary Logic of Tourism Science

旅游的本质是旅游学的逻辑基点,旅游学要想建立起独立的研究体系和知识体系,需要首先发展出旅游活动的本质体系。根据辩证法和现象学的思想,将旅游抽象为一种移动、一种体验和一种位势。任何学科都不是铁板一块,它们均是由学派、学系、学须等分形结构构成,旅游学也不例外。目前,旅游学已经展现出多个学派、学系和学须的端倪,自我认同的旅游学人要尽可能趋同求同,主动寻求入列就位,以本质理论为指导,竭力促进旅游学的发展壮大。

Tourism science starts with the essentials of tourism. To establish independent research and knowledge systems, a system depicting the essence of tourism activities must be developed first. Based on dialectical and phenomenological thinking, tourism can be abstracted as a movement, an experience and having the ability to change one’s potential. The relationships between travel and tourism are as follows. First, travel as a leisure product;second, travel for a leisure product;and third enjoying leisure products in travel. People take tourism as an experience because they show obvious intentions regarding tourism activities. They must receive relevant information stimulus, then prepare themselves and finally make future-oriented decisions. Tourism is one of experiences for people to freely and independently explore and search for the truth of life and bear the consequences. Tourism offers the potential for relief and to transcend life. First, it changes the relationship between people and objects;then that between people and people;and finally that between people and their inner selves. Tourism provides means for people to change their natural and social potential in a dramatic, recreational, poetic and assembling way. It puts the initiative of changing the above-mentioned relationships into the hands of the people concerned. From the perspective of a disciplinary system(tourism and its self-contained subdiscipline), tourism science is the most inclusive(especially in the background of Chinese culture).It examines tourist activities based on the relationship between people and people, and has some degree of autonomy on subdisciplines such as tourism sociology, tourism anthropology, tourism politics and tourism management. Tourism experience, as a study priority of tourism science, focuses more on the physical and psychological experiences of individual tourists. Travel illustrates the tendencies of space and time, providing a rather strong direction on technical issues in tourism studies, such as mobility,tourist flows and tourism statistics.Essentialism is an ideology to explore what is essential. As a system of"what can be told, "it discloses"what cannot be told"in a gradual and historical way. Science is based on establishing itself.Every discipline has its own structure composed of subdisciplines. A discipline can be divided into several subdisciplines, and a subdiscipline can also develop into a discipline, which is a historical growth and dynamic adjustment process. Several subdisciplines of great significance have come into shape in tourism science, a valuable achievement bearing the personal imprint of the scholars and their collective wisdom after years of exploration. Scholars of tourism science, self-identified and guided by essentialism, should seek common ground, and take the lead as big-picture thinkers in promoting the development of tourism science.