黄组胛骨钻凿布局、兆序排列及相关问题

Arrangements of Zuan-Zao and Related Problems on the Scapulae in the Huang Group

本文主要整理研究黄组胛骨上钻凿布局、卜辞布局并结合兆序与卜辞探索这一时期的占卜模式。黄组胛骨的钻凿布局主要有"只对边一列"和"对边一列,臼边半列"两种。卜辞布局一般沿对边有一列卜辞,刻写行款为逆骨臼竖行,一些胛骨近臼边一侧刻有记事刻辞,反面的扇部有习刻辞。兆序有整版兆序相同与一版上有不同兆序两种情况。整版兆序相同有三版一套的卜旬辞和可能只卜一次的田猎、出行、卜夕辞。一些征伐、天气、祭祀等对贞或选贞卜辞,兆序相连,一版上一辞只卜一次。另外,"癸某王卜,贞:旬"一般用右胛骨,"癸某卜,(某),贞:王旬"一般用左胛骨,"干支卜"辞与卜夕辞占卜形式相同,很可能是卜夕辞的简刻。总之,这一时期的占卜更加成熟,更加程序化,规范化,也更加简化。

This paper is sorting and studying the arrangements of zuan-zao( drilled round holes and chiseled lenticular holes) on the scapulae as well as those of divination inscriptions in the Huang Group. Combined with crack numbers and divination inscriptions the paper is exploring the divination method at that period. The arrangements of zuan-zao in the Huang Group mainly consists of two kinds :( 1) " only one column on dui-bian( the brim opposite to the bone socket) ";( 2) " One column on dui-bian, while half column on jiu-bian( the brim revelent to the bone socket) ". Very often, the arrangement of divination inscriptions is that inscriptions were inscribed along dui-bian for one column, opposite to the bone socket vertically. Written-record inscriptions were inscribed one the side near jiu-bian in some shoulder blades, while exercising records were written on the fan area of reverse of the bones. The crack number might keep the same or vary on one plate. The same crack number in one plate occured in a set of ten-day divination( including three plates), as well as divinations about hunting, walking and safety during the night,which might divine for only once. As crack numbers connected each other, some of dui-zhen divination( which consists of two contrasted opposite sentences) or xuan-zhen divination( which consists of some available options) re-lating to war, weather and sacrifice divined for only once in each sentences. Moreover, the inscriptions like " crack-making on the gui day, the King divined : ’ will the next ten-day be no worry ’ " often used the right shoulder blades, while the sentences like " crack-making on the gui day,( someone) divined : ’ the next ten-day will the king be no worry ’ " often used the left shoulder blades. Since the inscriptions " gan-zhi divined " kept the same form with the divination inscriptions related to night safety, it is of great possiblity that they were the simplified form of the latter. Overall, the divination in that period became more mature, procedural, standardized, and simplified.