小麦根系特征对干旱胁迫的响应

Studies in the Responses of Wheat Root Traits to Drought Stress

干旱胁迫时,小麦(Triticum aestivum)根系率先产生应激响应,同时向地上部发出信号,诱导地上部发生生理反应,从而提高植株抗旱能力。根系构型包括平面几何性状和立体几何结构(即拓扑构型),具有遗传稳定性和可塑性。干旱胁迫影响根系理化特性,如根源化学信号、根系细胞酶类和根系渗透作用的响应。根系通过调整其解剖学结构和水分吸收动力等来适应干旱胁迫。该文从根系构型、理化特性和解剖学结构3个方面,系统阐述了小麦根系特征对干旱胁迫的响应,并探讨了其与干旱胁迫的关系和当前研究中存在的问题,以期为相关研究提供参考。

Drought stress induces the response of wheat roots,which simultaneously send signals to the aboveground parts stimulating physiological reactions in the aboveground parts,and thus improving drought tolerance of plants.Root architecture traits include morphological traits and three-dimensional geometric structures(i.e,topological structures).The root system architecture not only has genetic stability,but also shows plasticity.The root physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress primarily involve in induced production and changes of root-sourced chemical signals,root cell enzymes,and root osmosis.Under drought stress,plants also alter root anatomical traits and water-uptake kinetics.In this paper,current advances in the studies on root responses to drought stress of wheat(Triticum aestivum)were reviewed with a focus on root system architecture traits,root physiological properties and root anatomical characteristics.The relationship between wheat root properties and drought stress,and the current research constrains were discussed.This review would provide a guidance for future studies on wheat root traits in response to drought stress.