儒家仁爱道德再检讨

Reflections on Confucian Benevolence

该文从孔子出发,梳理了儒家仁爱观存在着人和人之间对等的仁爱与心性本源的仁爱两种区别。从后来的历史展开看,应验了这个本源处存在的逻辑差异,体现在人人对等的爱具有相互补偿性要求的局限性,进而使得儒家道德在某些方面显示出超越性、普遍性的不足,儒家发明和倚赖的"为仁之方"因而也是难以普遍推广的。由此可以进一步检讨,"己所不欲勿施于人"也是积极道德义务内涵欠充分的道德公式而已,需要向积极的道德义务准则转化。

Starting from Confucius, this article analyses the difference of the benevolence for reciprocity and the benevolence of human nature, which have been verified in history. This logical difference is embodied in the limitation of the mutual compensatory demands of the benevolence for reciprocity, which caused the deficiency of the transcendence and universality of Confucian ethic, and also "The approaches of benevolence" developed by Confucians can be hardly popularized. Therefore, it can be further reflected that"What you do not want upon yourself, do not upon others." is an ethical formula lack of active ethical obligation, which is necessary to be converted into a principle of active ethical obligation.