岐山脚下的那方神奇土地

THE WONDERLAND AT THE FOOT OF MOUNT QISHAN

作为中华文化定型时期各朝代的核心领地,陕西省岐山脚下的那方土地见证了周人和秦人的发展与繁荣。笔者沿着周人躲避北方强悍游牧部落的南迁之路,周人沿渭河向东攻灭大商之路,秦人一统天下的发迹之路,以及由渭河谷地攀升至秦岭主峰太白山之路共4条观察线路,探寻古人对这片土地的认知与探索过程——包括对赖以生存和发展的现实领地的观察和体验,以及对美和未来世界的向往和畅想。周人对农耕生产和生活环境的观察体验及对盆地型领地的偏好,深刻地影响了风水观念的形成,进而推动了“中国”这一理想领地意象的产生;秦朝的大一统也将为生存而抗争的崇高之意深深烙印于中国文化的艺术形态之中;对于昆仑仙境的构想更是人们对宗教理想和世俗欲望的完美表达。周人和秦人对于这方土地的景观体验深刻影响了中国的社会和文化形态的表达。

As the core territory for the Zhou and Qin dynasties,the land at the foot of Mount Qishan in Shaanxi Province has significantly made the society and culture of China thrive and grow.The author retraced four routes to find out how the Zhou and Qin people explored and envisioned this landscape,both physically as settlements and spiritually as a wonderland.These routes include the migration path of the Zhou people from the north to the south of Mount Qishan to seek shelter from nomadic tribes;the path of the Zhou people moving from the west to the east along the Weihe River to conquer the Shang people and establish a new kingdom;the path of the Qin State to unify the other six states and found a great dynasty;and the route climbing from the Weihe Valley to Mount Taibai,the main peak of the Qinling Mountains.All the episodes happened on these routes had a profound influence on the ideology of Chinese society and cultural identity.For instance,the Zhou people’s observation on the landscape for farming and living,as well as their preference for the basin-shaped territory,significantly contributed to forming the Chinese geomancy(Feng Shui)and developed into an ideal territorial image of being the“kingdom in the center”(literally meaning“China”in Chinese);the artistic representation of sublime reflected the Qin people’s fight for survival and honor;and the described Kunlun Wonderland perfectly expresses both religious ideals and worldly desires.