场地观绘——谈景观的自然场地认知与表达

OBSERVATION AND REPRESENTATION: ON RECOGNITION AND EXPRESSION OF NATURAL SITES IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

在景观设计专业教育中,自然场地的观察与表达意味着在场地上"怎么看"以及"怎么画"。本文首先通过比较写实素描、设计素描、自然风景写生等传统绘画形式之间的差异来探讨景观设计学科的场地观察与表达,并提出:虽然两者都涉及对客观事物与现象的观察(观)与表达(绘),但传统绘画以"模仿"客观物象的表面形式为目的,景观设计则更强调了解并呈现客观真实场地的变化过程以及其中隐藏的复杂关联,即"再现"场地的本质。景观设计学科对场地的观察与表达可归纳为三个要点:亲临场地、调动身体运动,以及再现事物的变化过程与事物之间的关联。本文列举了两个案例--一个通过场地尺度的设计教学阐释了基于真实场地的观察如何逐步形成抽象的设计形式,另一个则通过分析从场地到区域与全球尺度的设计实践,探讨了对场地关联的跨尺度思考如何指导具体的景观设计实践--以期为中国当前的景观设计教育与实践提供借鉴。

In the education of Landscape Architecture,the way we view and depict a natural site is defined by the way we observe and express it.This paper starts with a comparison between the perspective and approach of traditional pain ting types(the realistic sketch,design sketch,and landscape painting)and those in Landscape Architecture.All of them involve observation[viewing]and expression [drawing] of natural beings and phenome na,where traditional pain tings are in the pursuit of honest depiction of the forms or shapes.While in Landscape Architecture it emphasizes understanding and represe nting the evoluti ons and the complicated intrinsic relations of the authentic sites—in other words,to represent the nature of reality.To be on-site,the use of body movement,and the evolutions and correlations of natural beings are the three most imports nt prin ciples to the observation and representation in Landscape Architecture.Combining with two cases in teachi ng and practice,this paper elaborates how to develop abstract forms and design concepts from the observation of authentic sites and how the trans-scaled reflection on the correlations about the sites can inspire a site-scaled design,providing references for the education mnd practice of Landscape Architecture in China.