会说话的绘画：如何表达景观构想

VERBAL DRAWINGS: MAPPING LANDSCAPE IDEAS

本文探讨了绘画中的一个特殊类别——语言绘图——的历史、特征及其在当代景观设计领域的设计交流中所扮演的角色。语言绘图的定义来自于对岩绘艺术本身的观察和解读,以及对其绘制过程的了解。作为先于语言文字的人类最早的通过书写进行交流的方式,岩绘艺术不仅是可供观赏的绘画,也是可供阅读的信息。这些由象形语言、表意语言和抽象表意语言构成的,经由特定语法和句法逻辑组合而成的图像具备三大特质:直观感、美感和轻盈感。岩绘艺术描绘了人类在特定环境中的特定活动,它们不仅是人类最早的景观表达方式,也是地图绘制艺术的雏形,由此制图艺术和语言绘图之间建立起了紧密关联。本文通过实例试图说明古代和现代地图绘制艺术对当代景观设计的重要性;相较于现今单调,追求视觉刺激,快速制作、快速消费的数字图像,当代语言绘图必须体现出如岩绘艺术般的三个特质:直观感、美感和轻盈感。最后,本文提出了介于安伯托·艾柯的“开放式作品”和语言绘图之间的概念:语言绘图更像是一种“开放式框架”,其有助于设计想法的拓展和延伸,并激发出更多的创新性。

Verbal drawings,as a particular drawing category of drawings,are discussed in this paper about its history,qualities,and what kind of role they could play in the design communication of contemporary landscape architecture.The definition of verbal drawings arises from the observation and reading of Rupestrian art and its process in making drawings and paintings.Rupestrian art was the first human written communication prior to the emergence of words and spoken communication.For this reason,Rupestrian art drawings and paintings are not just images to be seen;above all,they are texts to be read.They are written drawings using pictograms,ideograms,and psycho-ideograms to compose images with a specific grammar and syntax.These written images have three qualities:a sense of immediacy,a sense of beauty,and a sense of lightness.Representing human activities in particular environments,Rupestrian art drawings are not only the first landscape representations but also the early representations of the act of mapping,opening a connection between the art of cartography and the art of verbal drawings.Using examples,this paper explains the importance of ancient and modern mapping arts in connection with the discourse of contemporary landscape architecture by demonstrating how the senses of immediacy,beauty,and lightness help contemporary verbal drawings compete with the neutral,beautiful,quickly produced and consumed digital representations nowadays.In the end,the text proposes a confrontation between Umberto Eco’s concept of“open work”and verbal drawings—Verbal drawings might be intended more like“open frameworks”than“open works.”It is a concept that considers verbal drawings able to accept new ideas for extending their meanings and significance throughout the design process.