超越场地的多维度观察：昆山杜克花园的情境生成

OBSERVATIONS BEYOND THE SITE:UNFOLDING OF LANDSCAPE PROCESS IN THE DESIGN OF DUKE GARDEN IN KUNSHAN

观察是阅读场地与启发设计的开始。当设计场地缺乏明显特征时,设计者不仅需要细致观察,同时也要跳出场地现状限制,通过研究拓展观察范围。这个过程包括对场地内在因素的思考,以及针对设计对象的核心内涵进行场景参照与延伸,形成情境的模拟、选择与表达。江苏省昆山市杜克花园的场地现状属于典型中国城郊景观,缺乏明显的地理特征,这迫使设计师进行场所精神的深度挖掘。这样依托于情境生成的另类观察过程从三个角度入手:一是对同一脉络下异地先例的审视比较;二是对超越场地范围的区域生态开展地文学研究;三是从时间维度考察前期项目的效果及其与后期项目的关联性。这三个方面的观察使杜克花园的设计得以探索“花园”一词的当代精神内涵,最终表达为具体的设计形式。

Observation is the beginning of reading site and inspiring design.When the site lacks obvious features,designers not only need to observe in detail but also step out of the site’s physical boundaries and expand the scope of observation.This process involves reflection on the intrinsic factors of the site,seeking landscape reference in the broader context according to the subject’s core connotations,through which design concepts can emerge from the simulation,selection,and expression of scenarios.The new Duke Garden,located in the city of Kunshan in Jiangsu Province,is situated in a typical Chinese suburban area,which bears little distinction in geographical features.The ordinary site condition forced designers to search for deeper characteristics of the place through alternative methods which allow designers to examine the site from three perspectives:1)through the study and comparison of precedents which share a spiritual lineage;2)through the physiographical investigation on regional ecosystem to which the site belongs;and 3)through a revisit of the preceding phases of the project and a probe into the temporal connection between adjacent sites.Observations from these three perspectives have enabled the design of Duke Garden to explore contemporary spiritual connotations of the landscape typology of“garden”and intepret it through this project.