中国学前教育资源空间均衡度变化研究——兼论两期“学前教育三年行动计划”的实施成效

Spatial Balance Degree Changes of Preschool Education Resources in China

学前教育空间均衡发展关乎个体公平发展、区域协调发展和社会可持续发展,日益受到关注。基于2005-2016年主要年份省级数据的研究发现,2010年两期"学前教育三年行动计划"实施以来,学前教育发展速度加快,各类教育资源的省际均衡度普遍得到改善,政策补偿性功能彰显。但中国学前教育仍为低位均衡,大部分省份存在不同程度的教育资源匮乏,且城乡差距较大。未来应动态调整财政经费的空间配置,继续向落后地区和乡镇地区倾斜,并对经费使用情况实施监管;为提高经费使用效率,各省要优先发展本省最薄弱的环节,在补充各类教育资源时要尊重其发展特征。

The spatial balanced development of preschool education is significant to equitable personal growth,balanced regional development, and sustainable social development. It has been paid more and more attention.Based on the provincial data from 2005 to 2016, the paper studies changes Chinese preschool education’s spatial balance degree, and evaluates the impact of the 1 st and 2 nd phases Three-Year Action Plans for Preschool Education. It’s found that the development of preschool education has sped up remarkably since 2010, and most kinds of preschool education resources’ inter-provincial gaps has been closing, which indicates that the preschool education compensatory development policies worked. However, China’s preschool education resources are at a lowlevel regional balance. Most provinces are facing different levels of scarcity of education resources,and there is a biggish gap between urban and rural areas. Here are some suggestions to further promote the balanced regional development of preschool education. First, the central government and the local governments should adjust the regional allocation of the expenditure, give priority to poor and rural areas, and supervise over the use of funds.Second, the local governments should improve the expenditure efficiency and supplement the scarcest resource firstly. Finally but not the last, suitable measures should be adopted to supplement various resources according to their different characters of the education resources in order to obtain excellent results.