保护生物多样性相关传统知识的挑战与对策

Challenges and Suggestions for Conserving Traditional Knowledge Associated with Biodiversity in China

中国是生物多样性极为丰富的多民族大国,各族人民在数千年的生产和生活实践中创造了丰富的与保护和持续利用生物多样性相关的传统知识、创新和实践做法.本文系统梳理了当前生物多样性相关传统知识消失趋势与受威胁因素,即:1)传统知识的丧失与流失;2)我国国内法规尚不健全;3)惠益分享具有诸多困难;4)确定原产地存在技术上的挑战;5)传统知识保护的意识不强;6)土著与地方社区的认定存在困难.在此基础上提出保护与可持续利用生物多样性相关传统知识的对策,即:1)制定生物多样性相关传统知识保护的相关立法、行政和政策;2)开展传统知识的调查、整理、编目与国家数字图书馆的建设;3)建立传统知识信息交换所机制;4)加强科学研究和队伍建设;5)加强能力建设.

China is a multi-ethnic country blessed with mega-biodiversity. Throughout history, Chinese people have developed systems of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices that are relevant to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. This study explore the trends of traditional knowledge loss and threatening factors, which include: 1) the loss and extinct of traditional knowledge;2) lacking domestic laws, legislations and regulatory rules;3) challenges facing benefit sharing;4) technical challenge in identifying place of origin;5) lacking awareness in conserving traditional knowledge. Some countermeasures for China to conserve and sustainable traditional knowledge are proposed, these include: 1) to develop legislations, administrative rules and policies regarding traditional knowledge conservation;2) to conduct survey, collection, catalog of traditional knowledge, and develop national digital library on traditional knowledge;3) to develop clearing-house mechanism for traditional knowledge;4) to strengthen the development of technical force for traditional knowledge;5) to strengthen capacity building.