一起校园传染性红斑聚集性疫情流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of an infectious erythema outbreak in a school

目的调查一起学校不明原因皮疹聚集性疫情的规模、病原和疾病传播的危险因素,提出针对性的预防控制措施建议。方法2018年4月4日,在广东省深圳市宝安区某学校开展不明原因皮疹聚集性疫情的调查处置工作。制定病例定义,搜索病例,采用统一的流行病学个案调查表进行现场调查,描述病例的分布特征,采用回顾性队列研究方法调查发病的危险因素,采集病例血液标本进行病原抗体检测。结果共搜索到病例12例,罹患率为11.9%(12/101)。采集病例血液标本4份,检测均为人类细小病毒B19型IgM和IgG抗体阳性。回顾性队列研究显示与病例邻桌[RR=4.3(1.2~14.9)]、曾与病例下棋[RR=5.7(1.3~24.7)]是导致本次疫情的危险因素。结论本次事件为一起由人类细小病毒B19型感染导致的传染性红斑聚集性疫情,疾病传播的危险因素为密切接触。

Objective To investigate the scale and pathogen of an unexplained rash outbreak in a school in Baoan district of Shenzhen,identify the risk factors and propose targeted prevention and control measures.Methods On April 4,2018,the investigation and epidemic response was carried out in the school.The case definition was developed for case finding,standard epidemiological questionnaire was used for field survey,and the distribution characteristics of the cases were described.A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify the risk factors,and blood samples were collected from the cases for pathogen antibody detection.Results A total of 12 cases were found,the attack rate was 11.9%(12/101).Four blood samples were collected,all were positive for human parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG antibody.According to the result of the retrospective cohort study,sitting next to the cases in class[RR=4.3(1.2–14.9)]or playing chess with the cases[RR=5.7(1.3–24.7)]were the risk factors for the infection.Conclusion This epidemic was an infectious erythema outbreak caused by human parvovirus B19.Close contact,such as sitting next to the case in class or playing chess with the case,was the risk factor for the infection.