经颅多普勒超声应用于脑小血管病的研究进展

Progress in the application of transcranial Doppler ultrasound in cerebral small vessel disease

脑小血管疾病(cSVD)占卒中的20%~25%,它与卒中复发、癫痫、卒中后抑郁以及死亡率增加密切相关,现阶段被认为是卒中预后不良的标志,对cSVD的深入研究有利于卒中的预防和治疗.经颅多普勒超声(TCD)是一种无创的检测颅内血管病变的检查方法,因其操作简单、经济实用而受到临床医生的广泛青睐.它是早期诊断颅内血管病变的可靠方法,可为颅内血管病变的治疗方法选择提供客观的血流动力学基础.临床上,能够通过TCD检测到由于cSVD而引起的颅内血管血流动力学异常,并且其异常程度还可间接反映出cSVD的严重程度,为进一步了解cSVD提供了帮助.现就TCD在检测cSVD的相关进展作以下综述.

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), which accounts for 20%-25% of stroke, is closely related to stroke recurrence, apathy, epilepsy, post-stroke depression and increased mortality. It is considered to be a sign of poor prognosis of stroke, and further study of cSVD is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of stroke. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a noninvasive method for detecting intracranial vascular lesions, which has been widely favored by clinical doctors due to its simple operation and economic application. It is a reliable method for early diagnosis of intracranial arterial lesions, and can provide an objective hemodynamic basis for the selection of treatment methods for intracranial lesions. Clinically, hemodynamic abnormalities caused by cSVD can be detected by TCD, and the degree of abnormalities can indirectly reflect the severity of cSVD, providing help for further understanding of cSVD. This article reviews the progress of TCD in the detection of small cerebral vascular disease.