人权保障视野下的算法规制——从《多伦多宣言》切入

Algorithm Regulation Under the Framework of Human Rights Protection——From the Perspective of The Toronto Declaration

人工智能算法在公共服务中的运用带来算法歧视与不平等等问题。有关算法的伦理与规制的讨论反映到法律层面上,其实是智能算法的研发、使用与人权保障之间的关系。针对侵害人权的算法歧视与偏见,欧美国家陆续发布了算法的伦理规制原则和规则。2018年《多伦多宣言》将算法理解为规则,以"正当程序"原则来规制算法的研发与使用。2019年欧盟发布的算法伦理准则侧重算法研发的参与者因素。美国法院在判例中发布的算法规制原则强调算法的客观属性,认为算法是受美国宪法保护的"言论自由",将算法规制纳入人权的系列权利束中进行法律平衡。中国应当借鉴国外的算法规制经验,建立政府监管的整体框架,平衡技术创新、人权保障与商业竞争等多元需求。

The application of artificial intelligence algorithms in public services brings problems such as algorithmic discrimination and inequality.The discussion of the ethics and regulation of algorithms,from the legal perspective,is actually the relationship between intelligent algorithms R&D and the protection of human rights.In response to the discrimination and prejudice of algorithmic violations of human rights,European and American countries have successively issued the principles and rules of ethical regulation of algorithms.2018 Toronto Declaration interprets algorithms as rules and regulates the development and use of algorithms with the principle of "due process".The algorithmic ethics guidelines issued by the European Union in 2019 focused on the participants in algorithm development.The principle of algorithm regulation issued by the US courts in the jurisprudence emphasizes the objective attributes of the algorithm.It believes that the algorithm is a "freedom of speech" protected by the US Constitution,and the algorithm regulation is incorporated into the human rights series of rights for consideration.China should learn from foreign algorithmic regulation experience,establish an overall framework for government regulation,and balance the diverse needs of technological innovation,human rights protection and commercial competition.