当代农村多子女家庭的女儿养老历程考察——基于冀南Z乡的实证研究

Daughters Caring for Their Parents:an Empirical Study on Rural Multi-child Families in a Town(Z)in Southern Hebei

改革开放以来,农村多子女家庭中的女儿养老逐渐成为普遍现象。从女儿养老的历程来看,冀南农村地区女儿养老呈现出前高孝养后低居养的时段性特征。老年人的宗祧继嗣观念、现代孝亲习俗对女儿的要求,是女儿前期高孝养的主要因素;儿子(媳)对赡养责任标准的活用、女儿在赡养责任缺失下的怨恨,则是导致女儿后期低居养的主要因素。要充分发挥家庭养老功能,还必须在“养儿防老”的基础上推进“养女防老”,建构女儿的主体性赡养责任,以实现儿子和女儿共养的“双系养老”。

Since the reform and opening up,daughters caring for their parents has become a common phenomenon in multi-child families in rural China.This phenomenon presents a characteristic that daughters are filial at the early stage,but could not continue to do so perseveringly.The modern filial piety culture poses moral requirements on daughters,which is the main reason of daughters ’ caring at the early stage.However,the traditional inheritance system and parents ’ concepts towards this issue make daughters reluctant to shoulder the caring responsibility.Besides,sons(or their wives) use double standards to try hard to shirk their duty to support parents;daughters may resent having to caring for parents in the absence of such an "obligation".All these lead to daughters’ reluctance at the later stage.To give full play to home-based elderly care,we should change our mindset,regard daughters as equal duty-bearers of supporting their parents,and make sons and daughters both play their due roles.