包头市6～18岁儿童青少年近视状况

Status of myopia among 6-18 years old children and adolescents in Baotou City

目的了解包头市6-18岁儿童青少年近视状况,为制定干预措施提供参考依据。方法于2018年12月,采用分层整群抽样方法,选取包头市16所学校6-18岁儿童青少年5 116名,采用室内灯箱式标准视力检查表测量双眼视力,台式自动电脑验光仪测量双眼屈光状况。单侧裸眼视力<5.0且非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光等效球镜度数<-0.50D作为近视判断标准,非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光柱镜度数的绝对值>0.00D作为散光判断标准。结果包头市6~18岁儿童青少年近视总检出率为51.70%,近视合并散光率为48.55%,近视合并散光占单纯近视的比例为93.91%。近视检出率随着年龄的递增而逐渐升高(P<0.01);男生近视检出率低于女生(P<0.01);男生近视合并散光率低于女生(P<0.01);双眼平均近视度数为261.14±207.97,左眼近视度数高于右眼,女生近视度数高于男生,近视程度随着年龄的增长呈现出逐渐加重的态势,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);双眼平均散光度数为77.53±85.10,左眼散光度数高于右眼,男生散光度数高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论包头市儿童青少年近视状况不容乐观。相关部门应加大近视高发态势的干预力度,帮助青少年培养健康和科学的用眼习惯。

Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia among 6-18 years old children and adolescents in Baotou City,provide reference for the formulation of intervention measures. Methods By using stratified cluster random sampling method,a total of 5 116 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old were recruited from 16 schools in Baotou City in December 2018.Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used to examine the eyesight of both eyes. Desktop automatic computer optometry was used to measure refractive status of both eyes. If the monocular visual acuity was <5.0 and the spherical equivalent degree without ciliary paralysis was <-0.50 D, it was regarded as nearsighted. If the absolute values for cylindrical degree without ciliary paralysis was >-0.00 D, it was regarded as astigmatism. Results The prevalence of myopia among 6-18 years old children and adolescents in Baotou City was 51.70%, the prevalence of myopia with astigmatism was 48.55%, and the myopia with astigmatism accounted for 93.91% of the myopia. The prevalence of myopia increased with the age(P<0.01). The detection rate of myopia in boys was lower than that in girls(P<0.01). The rate of myopia with astigmatism in boys was lower than that in girls(P<0.01). The average degree of myopia was 261.14±207.97. Left eyes had higher degree of myopia than right eyes, girls had higher degree of myopia than boys, while the degree of myopia increased with the age, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).The average degree of astigmatism was 77.53 ±85.10. Left eyes had higher degree of astigmatism than right eyes, girls had higher degree of astigmatism than boys, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). Conclusion The status of myopia is serious among children and adolescents in Baotou City. Relevant departments should strengthen the intervention of high incidence of myopia and help adolescents develop healthy and scientific eye-use habits.