2015—2017年湘潭市重点职业病职业健康风险评估

Occupational health risk assessment of key occupational diseases in Xiangtan City from 2015-2017

目的开展湘潭市重点职业病职业健康风险评估结果分析,明确今后职业卫生监管重点,为制定具有地区特色的职业病防治对策提供科学依据。方法通过国家重点职业病监测系统收集2015-2017年相关数据,使用SPSS 19.0对数据进行统计分析。结果2015-2017年湘潭市内的接触重点职业病危害因素的劳动者呈现逐年减少的特点。重点职业病病例报告以职业性尘肺为主,占99.01%(703/710)。粉尘作业工人尘肺样改变主要集中在微型、私有企业,检出率分别为5.88%(1/17)和0.98%(6/613),均为男性,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。苯作业工人血常规异常率主要以女性为主,检出率为3.82%(31/812),小型企业与私有企业的异常率明显高于其他类型企业,检出率分别为9.12%(33/362)和7.62%(54/709),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。噪声作业工人高频平均听阈检出[≥40 dB(A)]率男性明显高于女性,总检出率为11.34%(846/7461),并有随着年龄的增长而增多的趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论湘潭市的职业病防治工作仍然严峻,需要监控的重点职业病是煤工尘肺、矽肺及噪声聋,小型企业和私有企业是今后职业卫生监管的重点企业。应继续加强职业病防治宣传与监督管理工作,提高职业健康检查受检率,加快大数据的信息化建设和数据处理技术。

Objective To conduct the analysis on results of occupational health risk assessment of key occupational diseases in Xiangtan City, identify the focus of the future occupational health supervision, and provide scientific basis for formulating occupational disease prevention countermeasures with regional characteristics. Methods The related data from 2015-2017 were collected from the national supervision system of key occupational diseases, and the statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS19.0. Results From 2015-2017, the number of workers exposed to key occupational hazard factors in Xiangtan City presented the decreasing trend gradually. The main occupational disease was occupational pneumoconiosis, accounting for99.01%(703/710). Pneumoconiosis changes of workers exposed to dust mainly concentrate on microenterprises and private enterprises, with the detection rate being 5.88%(1/17) and 0.98%(6/613) respectively, all workers were male, thus the difference were not statistically significant(P>0.05). Abnormal blood routine rate of workers exposed to benzene mainly gave priority to female, with the detection rate being 3.82%(31/812), the abnormal rate of small and private enterprises was obviously higher than that of other enterprises, with the detection rate being 9.12%(33/362) and 7.62%(54/709) respectively, thus the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The rate of workers with high frequency average hearing threshold≥40 dB(A) in males was significantly higher than that in females, with the detection rate being 11.34%(846/7 461), and it increased with age,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevention and control on occupational disease in Xiangtan City are still severe, and the key occupational diseases need to be monitored and controlled are coalminers’ pneumoconiosis, silicosis as well as noise deafness, and small and private enterprises are the key enterprises in occupational health supervision in the future. It is necessary to strengthen the occupational disease prevention and control propaganda and supervision, increase the rate of occupational health examinations, and accelerate the informatization construction and data processing technology of large data.