医务人员锐器伤现状及风险因素研究进展

Status of sharp injuries in healthcare workers and research progress on risk factors

锐器伤是医院严重的职业暴露风险之一,可引起多种血源性传播疾病的感染,锐器伤发生率居高不下及其所带来的危害已成为医务人员职业防护的重要难题。本文对近年来国内外有关医务人员锐器伤现状及风险因素研究进展进行综述,探讨医务人员特征、工作环境、职业防护、器械、操作行为、心理社会因素等风险因素对医务人员锐器伤的影响,分析主客观因素与医务人员锐器伤发生的关系,提示管理者在医务人员锐器伤预防工作中需做到针对性,以期提高锐器伤的预防管理成效。

Sharp injuries are serious occupational exposure risks in hospitals, which can cause a variety of blood-borne infectious diseases. The high incidence of sharp injuries and the harm caused by them have become critical issues for the occupational protection of healthcare workers. This review summarizes the current situation and risk factors of sharp injuries among healthcare workers at home and abroad in recent years, explores the influence of risk factors such as medical staff’s characteristics, working environment, occupational protection, equipment, operation behavior and psychosocial factors on sharp injuries in healthcare workers, analyzes the relationship between subjective and objective factors and sharp injuries among medical staff. It is suggested that the managers should be targeted in the prevention of sharp injuries among healthcare workers, in order to improve the prevention and management of sharp injuries.