张载学术旨趣的三层面向——以“横渠四为句”为进路的考察

The Triple Purpose of Zhang Zai’s Scholarship: A Study of His Four Ontological Goals

张载以“道学”与“政术”不可裂为“二事”,确立道、学、政三者构成的理论体系。这一理论体系,最为鲜明地表现于“横渠四为句”。通过文献文本辨析与学术思想印证,不仅可以辨正在流布中发生版本异变的“四为句”,同时,也能透过辨正“四为句”版本之机,来展现张载关于“道”“学”“政”的学术建构,认识其关怀现实层之“治”的取旨。由“四为句”所揭“心”“道”“学”“开太平”四端,知张载哲学是一个融会“精神—担当”(“心”)、“价值—知识”(“道—学”)、“目的—诉求”(“开太平”)的学术整体,这是准确理解张载哲学旨归的一个途径。

Zhang Zai,holding that Daoxue and statecraft are inseparable,set up his own theoretical system consisting of the dao,learning,and administration.The most explicit expression of Zhang’s theoretical system is his statement of the four ontological goals.Through textual analysis,this paper attempts to distinguish the different versions of the four ontological goals,clarify how Zhang constructs his theory of the dao,learning,and administration,and learn about his governance-oriented purpose as his realistic concern.From the four aspects of the mind,the dao,learning,and eternal peace revealed in his four ontological goals,we can conclude that Zhang’s philosophy has a triple purpose that integrates spirit–responsibility(benevolent mind),value–knowledge(the dao and its learning),and purpose–appeal(eternal peace).