水稻梯式栽培垄上养鸡垄沟养鱼的技术设计与思考

Technical Design and Reflections on Chicken Farming on the Ridge and Fish Farming in the Furrow Under Rice Terrace Cultivation

为协调水稻高产与经济收入、品质、水分利用率之间的矛盾,提出了一种水稻梯式栽培垄上养鸡垄沟养鱼的生态种养技术。通过稻田起垄改变常规水稻栽培模式,保持垄上湿润无水状态,垄沟蓄水且保持一定水位,从而为鸡和鱼的生长开辟空间,鸡和鱼分别在垄上和垄沟捕食与活动,能够防控田间病虫草害的发生,可不施或少施农药,同时鸡和鱼排泄的粪便能够直接还田进而减少肥料的施用量,对培肥土壤、减轻农业面源污染等具有重要作用。稻田起垄完成后,每年在水稻栽培前清理沟中淤泥即可,实现了稻田免耕。垄沟能够蓄积自然降水,有利于减少水稻生产中的灌溉用水。水稻梯式栽培垄上养鸡垄沟养鱼模式具有明显的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。

In order to solve the contradiction between high yield and economic income,high quality and water utilization rate of rice,the author proposed a new ecological planting and breeding method,that is chicken farming on the ridge and fish farming in the furrow under rice terrace cultivation.Contrast to from conventional rice cultivation mode,this method has ridges built in the paddies.The sides of the ridges are kept wet and the furrow has water at a certain level.The chicken and fish enjoys larger space for activities on the ridges and furrows and their activities could control the diseases,pests and weeds in the field.Pesticides are not used or used at small amounts.Faeces from the chicken and fish are returned to the paddies,cutting down the use of fertilizers,enriching the soil,and reducing non-point source pollution.Non-tillage is realized after the building of ridges,sludge is cleaned from the paddies before rice cultivation.The furrows could hold rain water and reduces irrigation.Therefore,this method has obvious economic,ecological and social benefits.