基于烃类微渗漏的油气异常信息提取及远景区预测——以中非Salamat盆地为例

Oil-gas information extraction and prospective area prediction based on hydrocarbon microseepage theory: A case study of Salamat Basin in Central Africa

油气田中烃类物质渗漏引起的物质变异可以通过遥感手段进行探测。与传统的油气勘探方法相比,遥感技术具有无侵入、大面积、高效、低成本等特点,尤其在地形、地貌环境复杂险恶的地区优势明显。为进一步研究遥感油气探测技术,以烃类微渗漏理论为基础,采用去串扰、大气校正、波段比值、主成分分析和单窗算法处理中非Salamat盆地的ASTER数据,提取了黏土类、碳酸盐类、二价铁离子类矿物蚀变信息和亮度温度值。结果表明,上述几种矿物强蚀变信息和地表高温异常信息主要分布在研究区中部和南部,即中部隆起带和南部洼陷带含油气可能性高。结合已有地质、地震和物化探资料,圈定了5处油气远景区,可为下一步油气勘探提供参考依据。

Anomaly information caused by hydrocarbon seepage in oil-gas fields can be detected by remote sensing technology.Compared with traditional oil and gas exploration methods,remote sensing technology has many advantages in getting information from long range,large-area mapping,high efficiency and low cost,especially in areas with complex terrain and geomorphological environment.Based on the hydrocarbon microseepage theory,the mineral alteration information such as clays,carbonates,ferrous ion and brightness temperature were respectively extracted by methods of crosstalk correction,atmospheric correction,band ratio,principal component analysis and mono-window algorithm with the ASTER data in Salamat Basin of Central Africa.The results show that the above-mentioned several types of strong mineral alteration information and high temperature anomaly information are mainly distributed in the central and southern part of the study area,namely,the central uplift zone and the southern depression zone are highly likely to contain hydrocarbons.Combined with existing geological,seismic,geophysical and geochemical data,five oil-gas prospecting areas were delineated,which can provide theoretical direction for the further oil-gas exploration.