肾移植手术治疗终末期肾病研究进展

Progress in renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease

肾脏是人体极其重要的一对脏器,位于腹膜后脊柱两旁的浅窝中,肾门内有肾动脉、肾静脉、淋巴血管等组织进出。肾脏由百万个肾单位组成,每个小小的肾单位承担着重要的任务,如排除体内毒素、维持水电、酸碱平衡,促进红细胞生成、促进维生素D的转化等功能。倘若肾脏因为各种原因,如复杂性结石、急慢性肾炎、自体免疫性疾病、食物中毒等导致功能减退或丧失,必然会引起本体脏器及其他系统的一连串问题,互为因果形成恶性循环。随着肾脏功能失代偿至晚期,血液透析、腹膜透析和肾脏移植则成为终末期肾病目前最后的有效治疗方法。本文旨在研究分享国内肾脏移植手术三十余年的部分精华经验,与器官移植医师互相交流、促进同仁彼此间技术水平提高,为我国器官移植事业水平的逐渐提高以尽绵薄之力。

The kidney is an extremely important pair of organs in the human body.It is located in the shallow fossa on both sides of the retroperitoneal spine.There are renal artery,renal vein,lymphatic vessels,and other tissues in and out of the renal hilum.The kidney is made up of millions of nephrons.Each small nephron carries important tasks,such as eliminating toxins from the body,maintaining water-electrolyte,acid-base balance,promoting red blood cell production,and promoting vitamin D conversion.If the kidney is dysfunctional or afunctional due to various reasons,such as complicated stones,acute and chronic nephritis,autoimmune diseases,food poisoning,etc.,it will inevitably lead to a series of problems in the body organs and other systems,causing a vicious circle of mutual cause and effect.With decompensation of kidney function to the advanced stage,hemodialysis,peritoneal dialysis,and kidney transplantation are the last effective treatments for end-stage renal disease(ESRD).This article aims to study and share some of the best experience of domestic kidney transplant surgery for more than 30 years,to communicate with organ transplant physicians,to promote the technical level of colleagues,and to make a gradual improvement of the level of organ transplantation in China.