艺术“再现”与“表现”辩——兼评“表现说”与中国古代文论

On “Representation” and “Expression” of Art——A Review of Theory of Expression and Chinese Ancient Literary Theory

文学与社会是一个复杂的多边关系。对复杂的认知,历来有不同的看法,大致可归为“再现说”和“表现说”。“再现说”侧重从客体和社会学角度研究文艺的本质,强调文艺是生活的“反映”;“表现说”则重在深入作家的心灵而分析其情感,主张自然而然地复制现实,即不服从自然界的必然之理,以表现自我的真情实意。

The relationship between literature and society is a complicated multilateral relation.There have been many different views on this issue,which can be roughly summed up as“Representation”and“Expression”.“Representation”focuses on the properties of the art from the objective and sociological point of view,emphasizing the“reflection”of the art to the life.“Expression”focuses on the writer’s mind and emotion,neither mechanically copying the reality nor obey the necessity of the nature,but to show the true self.