《官场现形记》中的动态助词“得”

The Auxiliary Word of Tense “de” in Exposure of the Official World

动态助词“得”是从“获得”义动词虚化而来的,萌芽于先秦,形成于唐代,宋代得到充分发展,元明以后用法趋向单一化,开始在以北京话为代表的北方官话中逐渐走向衰落,但在一些其他汉语方言中有所保留。以《官场现形记》为语料,考察其中的动态助词“得”及其相关问题,有助于梳理其发展脉络,更清楚地认识其用法。

The auxiliary word of tense“de”came from the grammaticalization of the meaning verb“acquire”,sprouted in the pre-Qin Dynasty and formed in the Tang Dynasty.It was fully developed in the Song Dynasty.After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,its usage tended to be monotonous,and began to decline gradually in the northern Mandarin represented by Beijing dialect,but it was retained in some other Chinese dialects.The paper intends to take Exposure of the Official World as the corpus to investigate the auxiliary word of tense“de”and its related problems.