复合菌剂对小麦秸秆降解速率、土壤酶和土壤微生物类群的影响

Effects of Compound Microbial Agents on Wheat Straw Degradation Rate, Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community

秸秆在农业上的有效利用日益受到关注。针对秸秆还田后腐解难的问题,本文选择7株纤维素降解菌种进行复配:拟茎点霉B3、茎点霉YY11、绿色木霉、里氏木霉、根霉、黑曲霉、蜂房芽孢杆菌。最终采用两种复配液体菌剂A(B3、YY11、绿色木霉和蜂房芽孢杆菌)、C(上述7个菌种),同时制作与液体菌剂A、C分别对应的固体菌剂B、D。探讨了复合菌剂对秸秆降解速率的促进作用和对土壤质量的提升效果。结果表明,4种菌剂均可促进小麦秸秆降解,改善土壤生物学特性,增加土壤养分,改良玉米农艺学性状。综合评价各个指标,菌剂B(B3、YY11、绿色木霉、蜂房芽孢杆菌;固体剂型)的表现最好,且玉米总产量比市售秸秆腐熟剂处理高20.72%。总之,本研究表明小麦秸秆还田后和联合菌剂使用能明显提高土壤降解功能,并且为实现经济可持续的农业管理方式提供了一种有应用前景的秸秆腐熟剂组合方式。

The effective utilization of straws in agriculture is attracting more and more attention.In order to solve the problem of slow degradation of straw after returning to the field,7 strains were screened which can produce cellulase:Phomopsis liquidambari,Phoma sp.,Trichoderma viride,Trichoderma reesei,Rhizopus,Aspergillus niger and Bacillus alvei.The strains were combined to make liquid agents of A(Phomopsis liquidambari,Phoma sp.,Trichoderma viride,Bacillus alvei)and C(all of the seven strains)and their corresponding solid agents of B and D.The effects of compound agents on the degradation rates of wheat straws and the improvement of soil quality were discussed.The results showed that 4 kinds of inoculants could promote the degradation of wheat straws,improve soil biological characteristics,increase soil nutrients and improve agronomic traits of maize.According to comprehensive evaluation of each index,agent B showed the best performance,and the total yield of maize was 20.72%higher than that of straw degradation agent on the market.In conclusion,the utilization of wheat straws returning to field together with combined inoculum can obviously improve the soil degradation function,it provide a promising combination method of straw degradation agent for the sustainable agricultural management.