基于演化博弈论的我国职业足球运动员转会制度变迁研究

Research on Historical Change of Chinese Professional Soccer Player Transfer System Based on Evolutionary Game

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法及案例分析法,基于演化博弈论,阐释我国职业足球运动员转会制度变迁的成因、动力及趋势,并提出完善我国职业足球运动员转会制度的路径。认为:我国职业足球运动员转会制度的变迁是职业足球俱乐部、职业足球运动员及中国足协等主体的利益博弈过程。有限自由转会制难以适应市场经济体制,民办职业足球俱乐部采取物质激励的“潜规则”策略,且与官办职业足球俱乐部博弈占据优势,转会制度向利于中国足协的摘牌制演变。然而,摘牌制对影响俱乐部的选人和球员的转会途径造成束缚,且中国足协没有占优策略,影响俱乐部的权力资源拥有量增加,故而转会制度向利于职业足球俱乐部的双轨转会制演变。但球员的转会自由仍被过度限制,且因国际转会规则的影响,球员的权力资源拥有量增加,故而转会制度向利于球员的自由转会制演变。由此,提出筹建职业足球俱乐部联盟和球员工会、完善中国足协内部治理结构与明确职能、构建转会制度改革的多元主体体系、完善转会制度修订的应循与应急程序等完善转会制度体系的路径。

By using methods of literature review,expert interview,case study and so on,this paper explains the origin,motivations and trend of change of Chinese professional soccer player transfer system based on evolutionary game,and put forward the path of perfecting the player transfer system of Chinese professional football.The results show that the transition of Chinese professional football system is a game process of interest between the professional football clubs,players,CFA and so on.Limited free transfer system is difficult to adapt to the market economy system while private clubs adopt the material stimulation of“latent rule”strategy and has more advantage in the game with football clubs,where the transfer system evolves to the delisting system.However,the delisting system severely restricts the professional football clubs’talent selection and player transfer,which makes them adopt the strategy of hidden collusion and because there is no dominant strategy in the game of the CFA,and clubs’power and resources are relatively increased,so the transfer system is conducive to the professional football clubs’two-track system.But,players’willingness to transfer freely is still being limited too much,and because of the influence of international transfer rules and their power resources have increased,so the transfer system is beneficial to the evolution of player’s free transfer system.Thus,we should put forward the path choice of perfecting the transfer system of Chinese professional soccer,such as proposing the preparation of professional football clubs'league and players'union and the internal governance structure and definite functions of the CFA,constructing the multi-subject of the main body of transfer system reform,improving the revision of transfer system and emergency procedure,etc.