“总是”和“老是”的对比研究

Contrastive Studies of “laoshi(老是)” and “zongshi(总是)”

现代汉语中的“总是”和“老是”这两个副词在日常使用中经常容易混用。本文基于CCL语料库用比较分析的方法从语义、句法和语用三方面对“总是”和“老是”这组近义词进行综合研究。语义上,“总是”和“老是”都有表示频度以及动作、行为、事件等重复发生的语义,但“总是”更多地表达“每次都发生,偶有例外”,“老是”则表达“经常,少有例外”。句法上,“总是”和“老是”都可以在句中修饰VP成分,被它们所修饰的VP都具有重复义这一共同的语义特点,“积极”与“非积极”的语义特征是“总是”和“老是”在对VP选择上的不同之处。语用上,“总是”更多地表现为客观评价,而“老是”更多地表现为主观评价。

The adverbs of“zongshi(总是)”and“laoshi(老是)”are often confusing in modern Chinese.The paper makes a comprehensive study of the two words from three aspects of semantics,syntax and pragmatics with the contrastive analytical method based on CCL corpus.In semantic,“laoshi(老是)”and“zongshi(总是)”express frequency of the repetitive occurrence of action,behaviour and incidents.However,“zongshi(总是)”tends to mean the behavior always happens,but“laoshi(老是)”means the behavior often happens.In syntax,both“zongshi(总是)”and“laoshi(老是)”can modify VP in the sentences,which shares the meaning of the repetiton of the behavior.The semantic features of“the positive”and“the negative”are the differences of the two adverbs in choosing VP.In pragmatics,“zongshi(总是)”means more of objective remarks,but“laoshi(老是)”focuses on subjective remarks.