生物合成柑橘类黄酮研究进展

Research Progress on the Biosynthesis of Flavonoids in Citrus

因柑橘中类黄酮化合物含量丰富,具有多种生理活性功能而被广泛应用于食品、药品、化妆品等行业。类黄酮主要从柑橘等植物中提取,少量通过化学合成或结构修饰。近年来,在大肠杆菌、酿酒酵母等宿主菌中构建代谢通路异源合成类黄酮的微生物方法已进入研究阶段,其具有安全性高,绿色环保,可持续发展的特点。本文简述了柑橘中类黄酮的合成代谢途径,微生物合成柚皮苷、橙皮苷、圣草次苷等类黄酮的研究进展及技术思路,对宿主菌代谢负荷大、基因表达效率偏低、碳通量流向不平衡等问题,提出优化宿主菌株选择、微生物共培养、表达体系优化及碳通量重定向等解决方案,以期对目前柑橘类黄酮的微生物合成研究提供参考。

Flavonoids are abundant in citrus and widely used in food,medicine,cosmetics,and other industries due to its various physiological activities.Flavonoids are mostly extracted from citrus and other plants,and a small amount is synthesized chemically or modified structurally.In recent years,the microbial method of constructing metabolism pathways in a host,such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,has entered the research stage,which has sustainable application prospects due to its high safety,environmental protection.Collectively,this study briefly describes the synthesis of flavonoids in citrus and focuses on the research progress on the microbial synthesis of naringin,hesperidin,eriocitrin,etc.We also propose several problems with the heavy metabolic burden of the host,the low efficiency of gene expression,unreasonable distribution of carbon flux,and put forward solving methods including optimization of the host selection,microbial coculture,the expression system,and carbon flux.We hope to provide references for the current research on the microbial synthesis of flavonoids in citrus.