调节曲霉属真菌毒素合成的群体感应分子机制的研究进展

A Review on the Mechanism of Quorum Sensing Regulate Toxin Synthesis in Aspergillus Fungi

曲霉属真菌侵染花生、大豆、玉米等富含油脂的作物种子后产生多种霉菌毒素,可引起人和动物的肝、肾毒性、生殖毒性、致癌和致突变性等,严重威胁食品安全和人类健康。群体感应是微生物间依赖于群体密度的一种信号交流机制,微生物可通过感知一些特定的小分子化学物质(或称信号分子)的浓度变化,来监测群体密度并调控自身的某些生理活动。在曲霉属真菌中发现,群体感应可以调节菌丝生长、孢子产生和毒素生物合成等多种生理行为。本文评述曲霉属真菌的群体感应分子机制的相关因素,包括信号分子(主要是脂氧合物)、G蛋白偶联信号途径以及氧化应激,旨在为深化曲霉属真菌有毒次级代谢产物的生物合成机制的研究提供参考。

Aspergillus fungi often invade peanuts,soybeans,corn and other fat-rich crop seeds to produce a variety of mycotoxins,which causing nephrotoxic,hepatotoxic,genotoxic,immunotoxic,teratogenic,and carcinogenic to human and animal.This threaten to human’s food safety and health.Quorum sensing is a mechanism of signal exchange between microbes that depends on population density.Microbes monitor population density and regulate certain physiological activities by sensing changes in the concentration of specific small molecule chemicals(known as signal molecules).It also found in Aspergillus fungi that quorum sensing can regulate mycelial growth,spore production and toxin biosynthesis and other physiological behavior.This paper reviews the factors involving in the mechanism of quorum sensing in Aspergillus fungi,including signaling molecules(mainly oxylipins),G protein coupled signaling pathways,and oxidative stress,aiming at providing a reference for the study of the biosynthesis mechanism of the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus fungi and the genetic improvement of host resistance.