枪虾夹螯的结构特性、运动特性与射流聚焦机理研究

Structure and motion characteristics as well as jet focusing mechanism of snapping shrimp claw

枪虾利用空化气泡破裂产生的压力脉冲进行捕猎,其夹螯产生空化射流具有高能聚焦的特点。研究夹螯结构对射流的聚焦机理和影响规律,对于探索空化效应、研发仿生空化装置等具有重要的意义。利用CT扫描技术和高速摄影技术,通过研究夹螯的结构特性、运动特性,揭示了枪虾夹螯的运动规律;结合CFD仿真模拟空化射流的产生过程和流场状态,阐述夹螯结构对射流的聚焦作用机理;对不同结构尺寸的囊腔凹槽进行仿真,分析了凹槽大小对射流的影响。结果表明,枪虾夹螯的凹槽结构会对射流产生聚焦效应,且当凹槽尺寸约为0.15 mm时具有最优的射流聚焦效果。

Snapping shrimps use pressure pulse generated by cavitation bubble rupture to hunt foods, cavitation jet produced by their claws has high energy focusing feature. Studying snapping shrimp claw structure’s jet focusing mechanism and affection laws is very important for exploring cavitation effect and developing bionic cavitation devices. Here, CT scanning technique and high-speed photography one were used to study structure and motion characteristics of a claw, and reveal its motion law;CFD simulation to imitate cavitation jet generation process and flow field state was used to present claw structure’s jet focusing mechanism. Grooves with different sizes were used to simulate influences of groove structure on jet. The results showed that groove structure of snapping shrimp claw can produce jet focusing action;when its size is about 0.15 mm, it has the optimal jet focusing effect.