赢家通吃的市场与过度劳动

On the Winner-Take-All Market and Employees’ Overwork

当前,企业员工超长工作现象普遍存在,尤其是研发人员。究其过劳原因,与赢家通吃的市场不无关系。囚徒困境的分析表明,在赢家通吃的市场,企业必须将员工尤其是研发人员的潜力发挥到极限。而对研发人员来说,赢家通吃的市场激励他们主动超长工作;同时,他们还能从研发工作过程和结果中获得精神满足,因而,研发人员的超长工作带有主动选择的性质。因此,在一个赢家通吃的市场,治理超长工作难度很大,政府通过限制竞争强度可在一定程度上对其加以控制。

Currently,the phenomenon of employees’overwork in enterprises,especially for research and development(R&D)personnel,is very common and widely seen in China.And one of the key factors for their overwork is the winner-take-all market.An analysis of the prisoner’s dilemma shows that in a winner-take-all market,enterprises have to bring their employees’potential,in particular the R&D personnel,to their limits.As for the R&D personnel,they are encouraged to take their initiative to work for too long hours by the winner-take-all market mechanism,and also get a sense of fulfilment from the process and results of their work.Thus,the R&D personnel’s super-long work carries the nature of their active choices.Therefore,it is difficult to govern employees’overwork in a winner-take-all market.It is suggested that the government,to a certain extent,should regulate employees’overwork by limiting the intensity of market competition.