监察机关调查权内外制约机制研究

Restriction Mechanism of Investigation Power of Supervision Organs

宪法规定了监察机关行使调查权受制约原则,监察法设置了多个条款将制约原则具体化。这些条款有些规定监察机关内部制约机制,有些规定了检察机关和审判机关对监察机关的外部制约机制。监察机关内设机构、岗位、上下级监察机关之间,在线索处置、立案、强制措施和技术调查措施的使用、从宽处理建议、监察对象申请复核复审等方面,设置了多个环节和层次的内部制约机制。检察机关对监察机关办理的职务犯罪案件审查起诉以及退回补充核实的机制,形成对监察机关调查权的有效制约;审判机关对监察机关办理的职务犯罪案件以及监察机关作为赔偿义务人的国家赔偿案件进行审理判决,构成了对监察机关调查权的核心制约机制。深刻理解监察机关调查权的两种制约机制,对于正确执行监察法、维护法律权威、保障人权具有重要意义。

The Constitution stipulates the principle that the supervisory authority exercises the power of investigation, and the supervision law sets a number of clauses to clarify the principle of restriction. Some of these provisions stipulate internal control mechanisms of the supervisory organs, and some stipulate the external control mechanisms of procuratorial organs and judicial organs on the supervisory organs. There are many links and levels in inner supervision institutions, such as institutions, positions, and supervisory organs at the lower and upper levels, in the use of clue disposal, filing, compulsory measures, and technical investigation measures, suggestion for leniency, and the review and application of inspection objects. The procuratorial organ’s review and prosecution of the duty crime cases handled by the supervisory authority and the mechanism for returning the supplementary verification form an effective restriction on the investigation authority of the supervisory organ. The trial of the state-level compensation for the duty crime case handled by the judicial organ and the supervisory organ as the compensation obligor constitutes the core control mechanism for the investigation power of the supervisory organ. A deep understanding of the two restrictive mechanisms of the supervisory authority’s investigative power is of great significance for the correct implementation of the supervisory law, the maintenance of legal authority, and the protection of human rights.