山药多糖提取分离纯化及生物活性的研究进展

Research Progress on Extraction,Isolation and Purification and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Rhizoma dioscorea

山药多糖(Rhizoma dioscorea polysaccharide,RDP)的提取、分离纯化及生物活性等对山药多糖的深度研发具有重要意义。本文通过查阅国内外近年来有关山药多糖的提取、分离纯化及生物活性研究进行分析和总结,结果表明,山药多糖的提取方法有热水浸提法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、酶法、超声波-酶辅助提取法;含量测定方法有苯酚-硫酸法和蒽酮-硫酸法、紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC);分离纯化方法有离子交换树脂法、凝胶过滤柱色谱法。不同提取和分离纯化方法之间存有利弊,建议科研工作者对自身研究的目的、条件及研究结果对其合理选择;RDP的生物活性研究虽已取得一定进展,但更多局限于RDP粗提物,对于开发更多符合临床需求的药物制剂及相关保健产品有待进一步深入研究。

Rhizoma dioscorea polysaccharide(RDP)of extraction,isolation and purification and biological activity are of great significance to the depth of the research and development of R.dioscorea polysaccharide.In this paper,the following results were analyzed and summarized by referring to the relevant literatures on the extraction,purification and biological activity of polysaccharides from at home and abroad in recent years.The results showed that the extraction methods of polysaccharides from R.dioscorea included hot water extraction,ultrasonic assisted extraction,microwave-assisted extraction,enzymatic extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction.The content determination methods of R.dioscorea polysaccharide included phenol-sulfuric acid method,anthrone-sulfuric acid method,ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Although some progress has been made in the study of the bioactivity of R.dioscorea polysaccharides,it is mostly confined to crude extracts.Therefore,the development of more drugs and related health products in line with clinical need further in-depth research.