检察机关提起消费公益诉讼的困境与制度重构

Predicament and System Reconstruction of Consumption Public Interest Litigation by Procuratorial Organs

检察机关运用公益诉讼手段保护不特定消费者利益,符合消费维权的现实需求和新时代检察机关的法律定位。完善公益主体制度、推动法治政府建设、健全消费维权新机制是检察机关提起消费公益诉讼的价值追求。由于法律制度供给不足,检察机关在诉讼中存在法律地位不明确、受案范围狭窄、诉讼启动标准不明确等困境。今后应当在厘清检察机关与消协组织、行政机关、法院等消费公益保护主体之间互动关系的基础上,定位好检察机关的角色,并对检察机关的身份、受案范围、诉前程序、起诉制度、监督制度、保障制度等具体制度进行完善。

The use of public interest litigation by procuratorates to protect consumers’ interests is in line with the actual needs of consumer public interest protection and the legal positioning of procuratorates in the new era.It is the value pursuit of procuratorates to initiate consumer public interest litigation to make up for the absence of public interest subjects,promote the construction of a government ruled by law and improve the new mechanism of consumer rights protection.Due to the insufficient supply of the system at the national level and the rough design at the top level,there are many difficulties in practice,such as the unclear status of the procuratorates,the narrow scope of accepting cases,and the unclear standard of starting litigation.In the future,on the basis of clarifying the allocation of powers between procuratorates and consumer associations,administrative organs,courts and other consumer public welfare protection subjects,the role of procuratorates should be positioned well,and the identity of procuratorates,scope of accepting cases,pre-litigation procedures,prosecution system,supervision system,safeguard system and other specific systems should be improved.