建文至宣德朝文人心态与文风嬗变

Literati Mentality and Style Change from Jianwen to Xuande Dynasty

明前期文学的演进深受当时的政治生态和文人心态影响。开国之初的朱元璋以铁血暴政管控文坛,文人多不得善终,洪武朝文学发展由高潮跌入低谷。建文皇帝吸取教训,大兴科举,亲近文臣,文人始有安全感和归属感。再经永乐朝的恩威并施、洪熙、宣德朝的交心厚赏,大明王朝真正意义上的第一代文人终于炼就。时代政治风云变幻和文化政策调整背景下,文人士大夫在经历洪武末的避祸自保、建文朝的亲君忠贞、永乐朝的劫后余悸之后,终有洪宣朝的共享太平。明前期文学也呈现洪武末的空洞浮泛、建文朝的质实雅正、永乐朝的平淡自持和洪宣朝的颂世欢愉等多重风格。深入细致考察建文至宣德朝文人心态与文风嬗变关系,便于我们了解“台阁体”形成与发展的深因。

The development and evolution of the early Ming Dynasty literature was deeply influenced by the political ecology and the literati mentality at that time.At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,Zhu Yuanzhang controlled the literary world with iron and blood tyranny,and the literati were not hospice.The development of literature in Hongwu Dynasty fell from a climax to a low point.Emperor Jianwen learned the lesson,rised Imperial Examination,and closed to the Literary minister.The literati began to have a sense of security and belonging.After using together gifts and threats in Yongle Dynasty and the grand reword in Hongxi and Xuande Dynasty,the first generation of the Ming Dynasty’s true literati finally refined on.Under the changes of the political situation of the times and the adjustment of cultural policies,the literati doctors experienced the mutual protection of Hongwu,the pro-Jun loyalty of the Jianwen dynasty,and the aftergage of the Yongle dynasty.The literature of the early Ming Dynasty also showed the empty and floating of Hongwu,the quality of the Jianwen Dynasty,the plain selfsustainability of the Yongle Dynasty and the joyful and joyful style of Hong Xuan Dynasty.in-depth study of the relationship between Jianwen and Xuande Dynasty literati mentality and style,so that we can understand the reason for formation and development of the Taigeti(台阁体).