不同市场结构下新能源汽车补贴政策对企业研发投入影响分析

Analysis of the Influence of New Energy Vehicle Subsidy Policies on Enterprise R&D Investment Under Different Market Structures

新能源汽车产业近十年来在补贴等政策扶持下发展异常迅猛,隶属企业队伍不断壮大,市场结构也瞬息万变,然而近年来的骗补频发与创新不足对政策效果做出了负面诠释。现有研究认识到不同的市场结构下市场各种主体对政策的反应有所差异,但缺乏深入的探究政府政策行为在不同类型的市场结构下对企业研发行为的具体影响及最优区间。本文由此出发,纳入可以分离出政策额外激励效应的倾向得分匹配法(PSM),运用新能源汽车产业样本企业数据细致分析了市场结构、补贴政策及企业创新投入三者之间的行为关系。研究结果显示,新能源汽车产业发展的政府政策行为遵循着"优势企业扶持"策略,且补贴政策对微观企业研发投入具有显著的额外激励效用,这种额外激励在高市场集中度下更显著,而当市场集中度处于高寡占Ⅱ型时,补贴对企业研发投入的激励效用达到最大。

In recent ten years,the new energy vehicle industry has been developing rapidly under the support of subsidies and other policies.The number of affiliated enterprises has been growing,and the market structure has been changing rapidly.However,in recent years,the frequent cheating and lack of innovation have negatively interpreted the policy effect.Existing researches have recognized that there are differences in the response of market players to policies under different market structures,but lack of in-depth exploration of the specific impact of government policy behaviors on corporate R&D behaviors under different market structures and the optimal interval.From this point of view,this paper includes the propensity score matching method which can separate the additional incentive effect of policy.Using the data of new energy automobile industry sample enterprises,the behavioral relationship among market structure,subsidy policy and enterprise innovation input is analyzed in detail.Results show that the development of new energy vehicles industry government policy behavior follows the"superior enterprises support"strategy,and subsidies to the microscopic enterprise R&D has significant additional incentive effect,this extra incentive under the high market concentration is more significant,but when the high market concentration in oligopolistic Ⅱ type,subsidies to the enterprise R&D incentive utility maximum.