行政中心的经济收益——来自中国政府驻地迁移的证据

The Economic Benefits of Administrative Center——Evidence from the Government Relocation Reforms in China

地方行政中心作为一种特殊的稀缺性政治资源,其空间选址对城市的整体资源布局以及整个区域经济发展具有重要意义。正是基于此,近年来一些城市开始通过政府行政中心迁移来给核心地区“降温”,旨在通过政府驻地迁移转变城市现有资源配置格局,谋求地区经济的持续健康发展。本文基于1999-2012年中国地方政府驻地迁移的经纬度坐标信息,匹配DMSP/OLS迁入地周边区域内夜间灯光影像数据,在纯空间视角和更小地理尺度上构造双重差分模型,以此评估行政中心的经济收益。实证结果表明:①政府驻地的迁入显著促进了区域内的经济发展,即行政中心的经济收益显著存在;同时,地方行政中心的经济收益在地理上存在衰减效应,距离迁入点更近的区域获得的经济收益更大。②政府驻地迁移促进了迁入地经济发展的同时,一定程度上抑制了迁出地经济发展,但是影响效应存在非对称性。③在影响的动态趋势上,政府驻地迁移促进了迁入地经济发展,其作用在短期内不断增强后趋于平缓。④政府行政中心的迁入,会给区域内带来经济集聚效应和公共资源空间再配置效应,最终促进区域内经济发展。本研究对中国城市公共资源的空间分布和优化配置及如何更大效能地发挥行政中心的经济带动作用具有政策借鉴意义。

As a special scarce resource,the spatial location of the local administrative center is of great significance to the overall resource layout of the city and the development of the regional economy.In this context,recently,some cities have begun to"cool down"the core urban areas through the relocation of government administrative centers,aiming to transform the existing resource allocation pattern of the city to seek the sustainably and healthily development.Based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of local government relocation reforms from 1999 to 2012 to match the DMSP/OLS satellite data,this paper constructs the DID model to evaluate the economic benefits of the administrative center from a purely spatial perspective and a smaller geographical scale.The empirical results show that:①The relocation of administrative center has significantly promoted the economic development in the region,that is,the economic benefits of the administrative center are significant.②The economic benefits of the local administrative center have a geographical attenuation effect,the impacts are greater in the radius range closer to the relocation point.③On the dynamic trend of impact,government relocation reforms promote economic development in the short term and its role is increasing,but its role is weakening and gradually disappearing in the long term.④In terms of impact mechanism,the move-in of administrative center will ultimately promote regional economic development through economic agglomeration effect and public resource space reallocation effect.Therefore,this study has policy implications for the optimal allocation of urban spatial patterns and how to play the economic driving role of administrative center more effectively.