人工智能时代数据孤岛破解法律制度研究

Research on the Legal System of Data Island Breaking in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能背景下社会信息化进程的加快,导致数据孤岛逐渐成为世界各国产业发展和科技创新面临的普遍障碍。然而,我国现行立法在破解数据孤岛时,却暴露出立法理念不适当、数据权属不明确、数据隐私保护制度不健全、数据监管制度不完善等诸多困境,阻碍数据流通与共享。为有效破除数据孤岛,须结合人工智能时代数据产业的发展趋势,从立法理念与具体制度构建两个维度着手完善数据立法:一方面,转变"重保护轻共享"的立法倾向,树立"共享为原则,保护为底线"的立法理念;另一方面,针对个人、企业、政府等利益主体的特点,分别赋予不同的数据权限;构建数据分类共享和隐私泄露影响评估制度,加强数据隐私保护;转变数据监管理念,组建专门数据监管机构,增加事中和事后监管措施,提升数据监管透明度。

The acceleration of social informationization in the context of artificial intelligence has led to data islands,which has become a common obstacle to industrial development and technological innovation in countries around the world.However,when the current legislation in China is applied to the data island,it is caught in many dilemmas,such as inadequate legislative concept,unclear data ownership system,imperfect data privacy protection system,and imperfect data supervision system,which seriously hinders the free circulation and sharing of data.Therefore,in order to break down the data island effectively,we must take into account the development trend of the data industry in the era of artificial intelligence,and start to improve the data legislation from legislative conceptual and specific system construction.On one hand,we should change the legislative tendency of"valued protecting and despised sharing"and establish the legislative concept of"sharing as the principle,protection as the bottom line".On the other hand,according to the characteristics of individuals,enterprises,governments and other stakeholders,the legislation should confer different data rights to each of them,construct data classification sharing system and privacy leakage impact assessment system to strengthen the data privacy protection,and transform data supervision concepts,setting up special data regulatory agencies and increasing in-process and post-regulatory measures to improve the transparency of data governance.