加工俄罗斯原油低温腐蚀分析及对策

Analysis on Low Temperature Corrosion in Processing Russia Crude Oil

近年来,俄罗斯原油进口量增加,国内加工俄罗斯原油的炼油装置增多,现役的常减压蒸馏装置中俄罗斯原油掺炼比不断增大,在取得良好经济效益的同时,也对装置安全平稳运行造成了一定的影响。与国内大庆原油相比,俄罗斯原油最大特点是轻组分含量高,同时盐、硫、氯等腐蚀性介质含量也高于大庆原油,属于含硫低酸中间基原油。油田提高采收率加入的驱油助剂,使原油性质劣化,现役的常减压蒸馏装置低温腐蚀明显,腐蚀泄漏多次出现。该文结合现场实际,从原油性质对比分析出发,以腐蚀机理为依据,对现有的"一脱三注"工艺防腐蚀措施及防腐蚀效果进行评估分析,提出了进一步改进措施,对同类装置的腐蚀控制及安全运行具有一定的借鉴意义。

In recent years, the mixing ratio of Russian crude oil in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit rised continuously with the increased import of Russian crude oil. Compared with Daqing crude oil, Russian crude oil belongs to sulfur containing low acid intermediate oil, which is characterized by high contents of light components, and its contents of salt, sulfur, chlorine and other corrosive media are several times higher than Daqing crude oil. In addition, oil displacement agent added to enhance oil recovery in oilfields aggravated the deterioration of crude oil properties. As a result, low temperature corrosion was obvious in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, and corrosion leakage occurred many times. Based on the field practice, comparative analysis of the crude oil properties, and the corrosion mechanism, existing "one removal and three injections" process and its anti-corrosion effects were evaluated and analyzed. Furthermore, improvement measures were put forward, which can be used for reference in corrosion control and safe operation of similar units.