县域金融市场集中度研究——基于陕西82个县500余家金融机构数据

A Study on Concentration Ratio of County Financial Market——Based on the Data of 500 financial institution,82 counties in Shaanxi

不同结构市场的经济效率存在差异,市场竞争程度越高,经济效率越高;垄断程度越高,经济效率越低。本文基于陕西82个县城500余家金融机构数据,运用赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数(HHI),从县域银行业金融机构存款、贷款、银行客户、银行卡和银行网点等五个维度测度了县域金融市场结构特征和垄断程度。研究发现:(1)县域金融市场具有典型的寡占特征,全部县域是寡占市场,无竞争性市场,其中银行卡市场和个人客户市场属高寡占市场;(2)贷款市场垄断程度高于存款市场,个人客户市场垄断程度高于企业客户市场;(3)金融机构加大县域网点建设、下沉金融服务,对降低县域金融市场集中度发挥了积极作用;(4)近年来县域贷款市场垄断程度有所缓解,但与城市相比,县城金融市场竞争程度仍偏低:建议:深化县域存量金融机构改革,推进县域增量金融机构改革,发展数字金融,强化农村金融发展的政策激励,适度提高县域金融市场竞争度,促进金融服务乡村振兴。

There are differences economic efficiency in different market structures.The higher the degree of market competition,the economic efficiency and the degree of monopoly,the lower the economic efficiency.Based on the data of more than 500 financial institutions in 82 counties of Shaanxi Province,this paper used the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index(HHI)to measure the structural characteristics and monopoly degree of county financial market in Shaanxi Province,from the five dimensions of county banking financial institutions deposits,loans,bank customers,bank cards and bank outlets.The study found that:(1)county financial market had typical oligopoly characteristics,all county areas were oligopolistic market,no competitive market.Among them,the bank card market and the personal customer market were high oligopoly and low market share.(2)The degree of monopoly in the loan market was higher than that in the deposit market,and the monopoly level of the individual customer market was higher than that of the corporate customers.(3)Financial institutions increased the construction of county-level network outlets,improved the coverage of financial services,and played an important role in reducing the concentration of financial markets in the county.(4)In recent years,the degree of monopoly of the county financial market in Shaanxi has eased,and the degree of monopoly of the county financial market of 68.29%has shown a downward trend,but the degree of competition was much lower than that of cities(such as Xi'an).It suggested that with deepening the reform of the county financial institutions,improving corporate governance,sinking service outlets,and improving the service entity's economic capabilities,it was possible to appropriately liberalize county financial market access and improve the degree of competition in the county financial market.