从多元文化视角看西方主流咨询理论的局限性

The Limitation of Western Traditional Counselling Theory: From Multiculture Perspectives

从多元文化视角对精神分析、认知行为治疗和人本主义等西方主流咨询理论的局限进行分析,深入剖析这些理论为不同文化背景的来访者所做的调整,并提出咨询师在应用这些理论时应具备的多元文化理念。精神分析强调个体内部动力学,相对忽视其他族裔的代际作用等社会文化因素的影响,应提高相应意识;认知行为治疗常过分强调个体因素,应注意到社会环境对信念形成的作用;人本主义假定的自我实现需求和集体主义文化存在冲突,此外应根据来访者的文化背景调整情感表达的强度。主流咨询理论在多元文化视角下将有更为广阔的应用前景。

From the multicultural perspectives,this paper analyzes the limitations of western mainstream counseling theories,including psychoanalysis,cognitive behavioral therapy and humanism.It analyzes the adjustments made by these theories for visitors from different cultural backgrounds,and puts forward the multicultural concept that consultants should have when applying these theories.Psychoanalysis emphasizes the internal dynamics of individuals,neglecting the influence of other ethnic groups'intergenerational role and other social and cultural factors,so we should improve our awareness.Cognitive behavioral therapy often overemphasizes the individual factors,and pays attention to the role of social environment in religion.There is a conflict between the self realization needs of humanism assumption and collectivism culture,in addition,it should be based on the cultural background of visitors.Scene adjusts the intensity of emotional expression.The mainstream consulting theory will have a broader application prospect from the perspective of multi culture.