清末关中地区泾阳吴氏庄园庭院空间特色研究

On Spatial Characteristics of Wu Family Manor in Jingyang in Guanzhong Area in Late Qing Dynasty

泾阳吴氏庄园地处陕西关中腹地,历史悠久,作为清中后期陕西盐商吴氏家族的庄园,是关中私家宅园的典型代表.以泾阳吴氏庄园为研究对象,以历史文献和田野调查为依据,对宅园东院平面进行复原示意,对空间布局、空间序列和空间营造特色三方面进行着重分析,结果表明,吴氏庄园空间格局上左右对称、院落狭长;围合以从内至外由厅堂、厦房、倒座、墙体及院门组成,丰富且富有层次;在空间视线控制上,吴氏庄园以空间渗透化解了平面狭长产生的缺陷.作为关中传统私家宅院,吴氏庄园对于了解关中地区优秀宅院庄园庭院空间极具历史、美学及社会意义.

Wu Family Manor is located in the hinterland of Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, with a long history. As a manor of the Shaanxi salt merchant in the late Qing Dynasty, Wu Family Manor is a typical representative of the private villa in Guanzhong. Based on the historical literature and field investigation, this paper takes Wu Manor in Jingyang as the research object, makes a restoration plan of the east courtyard of the garden, and focuses on the analysis of the spatial layout, spatial sequence and spatial construction characteristics, so as to provide reference for the research on the characteristics of the manor courtyard space in Guanzhong area in the Qing dynasty. It can be concluded that the courtyard of Wu Family Manor is symmetrical, but long and narrow. It is composed of the hall, the building, the wall and the courtyard. The space processing offsets its defect with the aid of space penetration. As a traditional private house in Guanzhong, Wu Family Manor is abundant in historical, aesthetic and social meaning to get insight the excellent housing yard space in Guanzhong.