白云鄂博尾矿中铌、稀土的赋存状态研究

Study on Niobium and Rare Earth Occurrence State in Bayan Obo Tailings

采用化学分析、X射线荧光光谱、ICP-MS、SEM及AMICS等分析方法对白云鄂博尾矿库尾矿中铌、稀土的赋存状态及相应矿物产出特征进行研究。结果表明,尾矿中元素种类较多,矿物组成非常复杂,嵌布粒度很细。尾矿中的稀土矿物主要是氟碳铈矿和独居石,且比例约为2∶1,稀土矿物主要与铁矿物、萤石连生。尾矿中的铌主要以独立矿物形式存在,其次以类质同象形式存在。在铁矿物、稀土矿物及硅酸盐矿物中的铌包括类质同象和微细包裹体两种,而在萤石、碳酸盐、重晶石、石英中,铌以微细粒独立铌矿物包裹体存在。稀土、铌矿物的解离度不高,因此是矿物选别难度所在。此研究结果对白云鄂博稀土尾矿的高效综合利用具有一定的指导意义。

The chemical analysis,X-ray fluorescence,ICP-MS,SEM,and AMICS were used to study the occurrence state of niobium and rare earth in Bayan Obo tailings reservoir and the corresponding mineral yield characteristics.The results show that there are many kinds of elements in the tailings,the composition of minerals is very complicated,and the particle size is very fine.The rare earth minerals in the tailings are mainly bastnasite and monazite,and the ratio is about 2∶1.The rare earth minerals are mainly associated with iron ore and fluorite.Niobium mainly exists in the form of independent minerals,followed by isomorphism.Niobium in iron minerals,rare earth minerals,and silicate mineral includes isomorphism and micro-inclusion,while in fluorite,carbonate,barite,and quartz,niobium exists as micro-independent niobium mineral inclusions.The dissociation degree of rare earth and niobium minerals is not high,so it is difficult to select separation.The research results have certain guiding significance for the efficient and comprehensive utilization of Bayan Obo rare earth tailings.