协同治理视角下加强公共危机管理中志愿者服务有效性的对策探析

On the Countermeasures to Strengthen the Effectiveness of Volunteer Service in Public Crisis Management from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance

政府作为公共服务的提供者管理者,在公共危机管理中通常发挥主导功能。但在公共危机管理中过分依赖政府的力量,则极易因为政府失灵而不能达到救援资源的最优化配置从而影响救援效果。非政府组织是公民社会的重要组成部分,作为非政府力量的代表——志愿者以其在公共危机管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。我国志愿者在公共危机管理中,具有参与热情高,整体影响力强志愿形象好的一面,但也存在参与渠道狭窄、服务周期过短、管理体系混乱、专业知识和技能匮乏等问题,这些问题伴随着志愿者组织的快速增长逐渐成为我国志愿者工作成效薄弱,社会公信力下降的重要原因。协同治理理论近年来被广泛运用于公共管理中,该理论强调协同和治理概念的有机结合,重点在与主体的多样性和各要素的互补功能,将该理论引入公共危机管理中,准确定位志愿者和政府部门的关系,对于实现我国志愿者在公共危机管理中的有效参与,推进志愿者参与公共危机管理的全面化、常态化、组织化、专业化等方面有重要的理论意义和实践意义。

As the manager of public service providers,the government usually plays a leading role in public crisis management.However,in public crisis management,relying too much on the power of the government,it is very easy for the government to fail to achieve the optimal allocation of rescue resources and thus affect the rescue effect.nongovernmental organizations are an important part of civil society.As a representative of non-governmental forces,volunteers play an increasingly important role in public crisis management.In the public crisis management,volunteers in China have the advantages of high enthusiasm for participation and strong overall influence.However,there are also problems such as narrow channels for participation,short service cycle,chaotic management system,lack of professional knowledge and skills.With the rapid growth of volunteer organizations,these problems have gradually become weak in the effectiveness of volunteer work and declining social credibility Important reasons.Collaborative governance theory has been widely used in public management in recent years.It emphasizes the organic combination of coordination and governance concepts,focuses on the diversity of subjects and complementary functions of various elements,introduces the theory into public crisis management,a ccurately positions the relationship between volunteers and government departments,and promotes the effective participation of volunteers in public crisis management in China It has important theoretical and practical significance to participate in the comprehensive,normalized,organized and specialized aspects of public crisis management.